Psychosocial problems in epilepsy patients in sub-urban Hyderabad

Background: Epilepsy is a common disorder with co-morbidities. It affects physical, emotional, psychological, social, financial and cognitive functioning of the patients. Identification and management of psychosocial problems are important in holistic treatment of epilepsy. There is paucity of literature in psychosocial functioning in epilepsy. Aim: To find out the occurrence of psychosocial problems in patients with epilepsy. Materials and methods: One hundred consecutive patients attending the OPD of Internal Medicine were evaluated with a questionnaire subserving seven domains of psychosocial functioning with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The occurrence of depression, emotional instability, inter personal relationship and vocational difficulties were higher in patients with epilepsy. Conclusion: Psychosocial co-morbidities are higher in patients with epilepsy and are likely to be missed unless carefully evaluated.

Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression and Self-Care Behaviour during the Covid-19 Pandemic in the General Population

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 has affected not only physical health but also devastated mental wellbeing. The government of India ordered a nationwide lockdown limiting movement of the entire 1.3 billion populations. The impact of the pandemic on depression, anxiety and self-care behaviour among the general population was investigated. Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was carried out with an anonymous questionnaire using validated instruments. Multivariable linear regression analysis was carried out to find the role of each variable in determining the relevant scores. Result: The mean age of the 1052 participants was 30.52 (SD � 13.42) years. The mean score of depression and anxiety was 5.96 and 5.27 respectively. Moderate to severe depression was noted among 18.68% and moderate to severe anxiety was noted among 16.1% of the respondents. Gender was a significant predictor of all three (depression, anxiety, and coping) scores, while the civil status predicted both depression and anxiety scores and age predicted only the depression score. Conclusion: A considerable proportion of the surveyed population in our setting has manifested symptoms of anxiety and depression. Gender, civil status and age predicted various scores.

Research on mental health intervention of college students based on music therapy / Pesquisa sobre intervenção na saúde mental de estudantes universitários com base na terapia musical / Investigación sobre la intervención en salud mental de estudiantes universitarios basada en música

ABSTRACT Although contemporary college students are in an era of stable environment and rich economy, the society has stricter requirements on their study and work. College students face various pressures from themselves and society, and psychological problems emerge one after another. From the practice abroad, music therapy itself has fully demonstrated the alleviation and improvement of people's mental health. Music is a part of human life, and its penetration and influence on human behavior is unparalleled by other cultural forces. Music does not only give people the enjoyment of beauty, but also influences people's mind, body and behavior through multiple psychological and physiological functions. The use of music therapy can better improve and optimize the ability of college students to eliminate bad emotions, so as to help students develop healthy a psychological state and establish a correct outlook on life and values. Based on this, this study explores the significance of contemporary college students' music therapy on mental health, and puts forward the orientation and implementation ways of college students' mental health education.

RESUMO Embora os universitários contemporâneos estejam em uma era de ambiente estável e economia rica, a sociedade tem exigências mais rigorosas em seu estudo e trabalho. Os estudantes universitários enfrentam várias pressões de si mesmos e da sociedade, e problemas psicológicos emergem um após o outro. Desde a prática no exterior, a própria terapia musical tem demonstrado plenamente o alívio e a melhoria da saúde mental das pessoas. A música faz parte do estilo de vida humano, e sua penetração e influência no comportamento humano é incomparável por outras forças culturais. A música não só dá às pessoas o prazer da beleza, mas também influencia a mente, o corpo e o comportamento das pessoas através de múltiplas funções psicológicas e fisiológicas. O uso da terapia musical pode melhorar e otimizar melhor a capacidade dos estudantes universitários de eliminar as emoções ruins, de modo a ajudá-los a desenvolver um estado psicológico saudável e estabelecer uma perspectiva correta sobre sua vida e seus valores. Com base nisso, este trabalho explora a relevância da terapia musical contemporânea entre estudantes universitários sobre sua saúde mental, e avança as formas de orientação e implementação da educação de saúde mental desses indivíduos.

RESUMEN Aunque los estudiantes universitarios contemporáneos se encuentran en una época de ambiente estable y economía rica, la sociedad tiene requisitos más estrictos respecto a sus estudios y trabajo. Los estudiantes universitarios enfrentan diversas presiones de sí mismos y de la sociedad, y los problemas psicológicos surgen uno tras otro. Desde la práctica en el extranjero, la musicoterapia en sí ha demostrado el alivio y la mejora de la salud mental de las personas. La música es parte del estilo de vida humano y su penetración e influencia en el comportamiento humano no tiene paralelo con otras fuerzas culturales. La música no solo brinda a las personas el disfrute de la belleza, sino que también influye en la mente, el cuerpo y el comportamiento de las personas a través de múltiples funciones psicológicas y fisiológicas. El uso de la musicoterapia puede mejorar y optimizar la capacidad de los estudiantes universitarios para eliminar las malas emociones, a fin de ayudarlos a desarrollar un estado psicológico saludable y establecer una perspectiva correcta de la vida y sus valores. Con base en esto, este trabajo de estudio explora la importancia de la musicoterapia en la salud mental de los estudiantes universitarios contemporáneos y presenta las formas de orientación e implementación de la educación en salud mental de dichos estudiantes.

Relationship between Wound Severity, Discomfort, and Psychological Problems in Patients with a Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study / Relação entre gravidade da ferida, desconforto e problemas psicológicos em pacientes com úlcera diabética do pé na Indonésia: um estudo transversal / Relación entre la gravedad de la herida, la molestia y los problemas psicológicos en pacientes con úlcera del pie diabético en Indonesia: estudio transversal

ABSTRACT Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between wound severity, discomfort, and psychological problems in patients with a diabetic foot ulcer in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study is conducted in three general hospitals and one clinic in Indonesia. The Bates-Jensen wound assessment tool (BWAT), the discomfort evaluation of wound instrument (DEWI), and the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS) are used to measure the variables of interest. Path analysis is performed to evaluate the association between wound severity, discomfort, and psychological problems. Results: Of 140 patients with diabetic foot ulcers who joined this study, the majority experienced immobilization (74.3 %), pain (69.3 %), and sleep disturbance (63.6 %). The means were as follows: discomfort (2.35 ± 0.33), depression (1.34 ± 0.41), stress (1.49 ± 0.48), anxiety (1.43 ± 0.40), and wound severity (31.35 ± 9.96). Discomfort partially mediated the relationship between wound severity and psychological problems, which indirect effect was 0.11. Conclusion: High prevalence of discomfort, both physical and psychological, was found in patients with a diabetic foot ulcer. Discomfort mediates the relationship between wound severity and psychological problems. Integrating comfort into wound care management may help to reduce the psychological burden.

RESUMEN Objetivos: el presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar la relación entre la gravedad de la herida, la molestia y los problemas psicológicos en pacientes con úlcera del pie diabético en Indonesia. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal en tres hospitales generales y una clínica de Indonesia. La herramienta de evaluación de heridas Bates-Jensen (BWAT, por sus siglas en inglés), el instrumento de evaluación de molestia de la herida (DEWI, por sus siglas en inglés) y la escala de depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS, por sus siglas en inglés) se utilizaron para medir las variables de interés. Se realizó un análisis de ruta para evaluar la asociación entre la gravedad de la herida, la molestia y los problemas psicológicos. Resultados: de 140 pacientes con úlcera del pie diabético que participaron en este estudio, la mayoría experimentó inmovilización (74,3 %), dolor (69,3 %) y trastornos del sueño (63,6 %). Las medias fueron las siguientes: molestia (2,35 ± 0,33), depresión (1,34 ± 0,41), estrés (1,49 ± 0,48), ansiedad (1,43 ± 0,40) y gravedad de la herida (31,35 ± 9,96). La molestia medió en parte la relación entre la gravedad de la herida y los problemas psicológicos, cuyo efecto indirecto fue de 0,11. Conclusión: se encontró una alta prevalencia de molestias, tanto físicas como psicológicas, en pacientes con úlcera del pie diabético. Además, la molestia media la relación entre la gravedad de la herida y los problemas psicológicos. La integración de la comodidad en el manejo del cuidado de las heridas puede ayudar a reducir la carga psicológica.

RESUMO Objetivos: o objetivo deste estudo é identificar a relação entre a gravidade da ferida, o desconforto e os problemas psicológicos en pacientes com úlcera do pé diabético na Indonésia. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal em três hospitais gerais e uma clínica da Indonésia. A ferramenta da avaliação de feridas Bates-Jensen (BWAT, por sua sigla em inglês), o instrumento de avaliação do desconforto da ferida (DEWI, por sua sigla em inglês) e a escala de depressão, ansiedade e estresse (DASS, por sua sigla em inglês) foram utilizados para medir as variáveis de interesse. Uma análise de rota foi realizada para avaliar a associação entre a gravidade da ferida, o desconforto e os problemas psicológicos. Resultados: de 140 pacientes com úlcera diabética do pé que participaram deste estudo, a maioria experimentou imobilização (74,3 %), dor (69,3 %) e transtornos do sono (63,6 %). As médias foram: desconforto (2,35 ± 0,33), depressão (1,34 ± 0,41), estresse (1,49 ± 0,48), ansiedade (1,43 ± 0,40) e gravidade da ferida (31,35 ± 9,96). O desconforto foi o mediador em parte da relação entre a gravidade da ferida e os problemas psicológicos, cujo efeito indireto foi de 0,11. Conclusões: verificou-se alta prevalência de desconforto, tanto físico quanto psicológico, em pacientes com úlcera diabética do pé. Além disso, o desconforto intermedeia a relação entre a gravidade da ferida e os problemas psicológicos. A integração do conforto na gestão do cuidado das feridas pode ajudar a reduzir a carga psicológica.

Psychological Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic - A Wide Spectrum of Manifestations.

The COVID-19 pandemic has swept across the globe causing high morbidity and mortality and has brought in its wake, not only social and economic problems but also a myriad of psychological problems which if not addressed properly may not be as dangerous as the pandemic itself, but will contribute considerably to a significant loss of productivity in the society. Physical health and mental health, both are equally important and interdependent. “A sound mind in a sound body” is the need of the hour; but the present scenario is far from this. Unfortunately, with people suffering from physical illnesses as well as devastating mental sequelae of the pandemic, has resulted in social, financial, economic, and emotional impact. It is very important to identify and treat the mental health problem faced by the general population, quarantine people, health care professionals, at-risk-groups, and the victims of COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health problems can be in the form of depressive disorders, various anxiety disorders, stress related disorders, suicide and intentional self-harm, grief reaction, substance abuse (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, opioids) and domestic violence. We have only limited resources available to us during these difficult times. However, this should not dissuade us from ensuring optimal mental health and from trying to keep the struggling humanity “sane” during this pandemic. These resources must be used judiciously and appropriately, with necessary modifications (telephonic / audio-video consultations and counselling) in order to prepare a society which can move forward in the post pandemic era.

The Effects of Corona Virus (COVID-19) Outbreak on the Individuals’ Mental Health and on the Decision Makers: A Comparative Epidemiological Study

Background: The results of epidemiological studies help in developing protective and treatment plans for community members, and identifying the psychological support services that individuals need to reduce the negative effects of these stressful conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the effect of the outbreak of the deadly COVID-19 on the mental health of individuals. A survey descriptive design was used in this study to detect the level of psychological problems and to determine the differences in psychological problems due to nationality, age, sex, social status, learning level, and income. Method: A random sample consists of 5611(3423 Egyptians and 2188 Saudis) participants was chosen, their ages ranged between (16 to more than 50) year. The study sample was divided into sub-groups according to nationality, age, sex, social status, learning level, income level. The researchers in this study prepared psychological problems symptoms inventory that has been applied online to the sample. Results: The findings indicated that the increased prevalence of COVID -19 has a negative effect on the mental health of individuals, as the level of psychological problems were increased, and the results also found differences in the prevalence of psychological problems symptoms due to demographic variables. Conclusion: The study results emphasized the importance of prevention and treatment of psychological problems symptoms caused by the outbreak of the deadly COVID-19. As well as, these findings stressed on the role of counseling and therapy via the internet as well as, cross-cultural counseling and treatment.

A study on nomophobia and its correlation with sleeping difficulty and anxiety among medical students in a medical college, Telangana

Background: Social media and digital communication have become a part of life. Many things were made easy through online connectivity. The mobile phones not only connects people at anytime, anywhere and with anybody, but also movable and portable. Mobile phones when used extensively may cause a number of physical and psychological problems. Nomophobia (NO-MObile phone-PHOBIA) is one of the psychological problems related to exclusive use of mobile phone. It is the fear/anxiety of being away from mobile phone contact. The objectives are to study grading of nomophobia and to find out any correlation exits between nomophobia and sleeping difficulty and anxiety among medical students. Methods: A cross sectional study is conducted for duration of 6 months among medical students using semi-structured questionnaire. Nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q) is used to assess nomophobia, Athens insomnia scale is used to assess sleeping difficulty and general anxiety disorder- 7 Item scale is used to assess general anxiety. Results: The study showed that out of 364 students, 62 (17%) have mild, 234 (64.3%) have moderate and 68 (18.7%) have severe nomophobia. There is a weak positive correlation between nomophobia and sleeping difficult and anxiety. Conclusions: There problem of nomophobia is alarming; there is a need to reduce nomophobia, and to evolve effective strategies to enhance human interaction

A study on the characteristics of mental health of postgraduates of professional degree / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To explore the mental health status and characteristics of professional degree postgraduates.Methods 326 professional degree postgraduates from 3 universities were selected as subjects by cluster sampling.Symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90) was applied to assess psychological health of the postgraduates in order.Results 1) The positive rate of psychological symptom screening was 11.11％.The detection rate of psychological problems from high to low was:obsessive-compulsion,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,hostility,somatization,paranoid ideation,anxiety,phobic anxiety and psychoticism.2) Excluding the factors of phobic anxiety,there was significant age difference in each factor score and total score of SCL-90 (P＜0.05).The somatization,interpersonal sensitivity,anxiety,hostility,paranoid ideation,psychoticism factor scores and total score of the "≥30 years" group was significantly higher than those of "≤24 years"and the "25-29 years" group (P＜0.05),the depression factor scores of "≥ 30 years" was significantly higher than the "≤24 years" group (P＜0.01).3) The scores of somatizations (P=0.038) and obsessive-compulsive factors (P=0.043) of doctoral students were significantly higher than those of master students.4) In different grades,there were significant differences in the scores of obsessive-compulsives,depression,anxiety,hostility,paranoid ideation factor scores and SCL-90 total score (P＜0.05).The factor scores and total score of the Grade Three were significantly higher than those of the first grade (P＜0.05),and the scores of hostilities,paranoid ideation factors and total score were significantly higher than those of the second grade (P＜0.05).5) Excluding phobic anxiety,the factor scores and total score of SCL-90 in the "peace and tranquility" group were significantly lower than those of "quarrel" group (P＜0.05).6) Except for somatization and paranoia ideation,the factor scores and total score of SCL-90 of caring group were significantly lower than those non-caring group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The psychological health of graduate students of professional degree varies with age,educational level and grade,and is influenced by collective atmosphere and mentor attitude.The differences in the characteristics of the crowd should be taken into full consideration in the mental health education of colleges and universities,and the educational model should be explored,the educational goals,contents and forms should be refined to improve the mental health level of the population.

Psychological Health Problems Among Adolescent Workers and Associated Factors in Istanbul, Turkey

BACKGROUND: Work and work environment have a critical influence on adolescent workers' health. They are subjected to more risks than adults. The aim of this study is to examine psychological health outcomes in adolescent workers in the areas of depression, somatization, anxiety, hostility, and negative self-concept, and to investigate any related factors. METHODS: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Research samples were collected from adolescent workers between 15 and 18 years old attending a 1-day mandatory education course at vocational training centers, working 5 days per week in small enterprises. Data were collected using the following instruments: Brief Symptom Inventory, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Descriptive Characteristics of Children's Assessment Form. RESULTS: The investigation covers 837 young workers, of whom 675 were males and 162 were females. The majority of the families had low incomes (68.1%). Overall, 33.5% of the adolescents had been hospitalized because of health problems. Their average weekly working hours were 78.1 ± 10.7. Almost 50% of adolescent workers scored above the mean average in the Brief Symptom Inventory, indicating serious pschological health symptoms.Those who scored high for hostility, depression, negative self-concept, anxiety, and somatization were between 45.4% and 48.9% of the sample. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the underlying factors: a perception of “feeling very bad” health conditions was 2.07-fold whereas the rate of “no annual leave” was 0.73-fold, and both were found to be effective on psychological problems. CONCLUSION: In this study, it seems likely that psychological health problems are the result of multiple adverse factors including working conditions, annual leave, and health considerations.

A research progress of psychological problems and influential factors of senile dementia caregivers / 中国实用护理杂志

With the decline in cognitive ability, loss of ability to live, the demand of care for the Alzheimer's patients gradually increased. Caregivers tended to bear a greater physical and mental burden. In this study, we found that the caregivers of senile dementia were prone to psychological problems such as depression and anxiety, which may be related to the caregiver's age and caregiving time, and the positive intervention can relieve the psychological problems of the caregivers. This article aims to provide a theoretical basis for nursing workers to explore more effective nursing measures, so as to improve the quality of life of dementia patients and caregivers.

Tracheal Intubation in Patients with Common Psychological Problems and Nursing Intervention / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] To understand the mental patients with tracheal intubation, formulate the corresponding nursing intervention, improve the quality of nursing care.[Methods] Analysis of extracting some nursing care of patients with tracheal intubation cases, discuss the causes of psychological problems and intervention measures.[Results] The tracheal intubation patients by nursing intervention, man-machine confrontation, accidental y were put the tube, with-out the treatment of reduction. [Conclusion] Take corresponding nursing intervention according to the psychological problems of patients with tracheal in-tubation, reduce complications during tracheal intubation occurred, improve the mental health status of patients, improve the nurse-patient communica-tion, improve the quality of nursing.

The Effect of Family Meals on the Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Children

This study analyzed the effect of family meals on the psychological problems of children. We performed focus group interviews (FGI) on the basic characteristics of family meals, and chose several scales (such as Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), self-esteem, and a daily hassles questionnaire), to measure the psychological variables. We collected data from 442 dyads (mother-child) and used 440 from dyads. In our results, the frequency of family meals affected the psychological problems of children, especially aggression and emotional instability. The atmosphere during meals also affected depression/anxiety, concentration difficulties, emotional instability, self-esteem, peer relationships, and sociality. There were significant correlations between meal atmosphere, family bonding, maternal personality, and psychological problems of children. We performed covariation analysis to examine and control the influence of family bonding and maternal personality; despite controlling for these variables, family meals still influenced children's psychological problems. We conclude that the family meal is a significant variable that impacts the emotional and behavioral problems of children and stress the importance of frequent family meals.

The Psychological Problems of North Korean Adolescent Refugees Living in South Korea

OBJECTIVE: As the number of North Korean adolescent refugees drastically increased in South Korea, there is a growing interest in them. Our study was conducted to evaluate the mental health of the North Korean adolescent refugees residing in South Korea. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 102 North Korean adolescent refugees in Hangyeore middle and high School, the public educational institution for the North Korean adolescent refugees residing in South Korea, and 766 general adolescents in the same region. The Korean version of Child Behavior Check List (K-CBCL) standardized in South Korea was employed as the mental health evaluation tool. RESULTS: The adolescent refugees group showed a significantly different score with that of the normal control group in the K-CBCL subscales for sociality (t=29.67, p=0.000), academic performance (t=17.79, p=0.000), total social function (t=35.52, p=0.000), social withdrawal (t=18.01, p=0.000), somatic symptoms (t=28.85, p=0.000), depression/anxiety (t=13.08, p=0.000), thought problems (t=6.24, p=0.013), attention problems (t=4.14, p=0.042), internalized problems (t=26.54, p=0.000) and total problems (t=5.23, p=0.022). CONCLUSION: The mental health of the North Korean adolescent refugees was severe particularly in internalized problems when compared with that of the general adolescents in South Korea. This result indicates the need for interest in not only the behavior of the North Korean adolescent refugees but also their emotional problem.

Original research paper epidemiological profile of suicide by hanging in southern parts of Kerala: An autopsy based study.

Suicide rate is increasing all over the world; but the rate is disproportionately higher in Kerala. One hundred and eighty one cases of known dead bodies of both genders brought for medico-legal autopsy with history of suicide by hanging, were studied at the Department of Forensic Medicine, State Medico Legal Institute, Government Medical College, Thruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. There was a male preponderance in the study group (71.3%) and majority of males were young or middle aged (82.1%) whereas females were adolescents or young adults (73.1%). Among the males, only 2.3% were farmers. Alcoholism was noted in 75.2% of males. Immediate psychological problems were the reason for suicide in 33.7% of cases, majority of them being married (55.8%). Soft materials, that were easily available, were used as ligatures (48.6%) which were tightened around neck by slip knots (58%) on the sides of neck (53%).

Analysis and countermeasures for overseas students' psychological problems in medical universities / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Psychological problems interrupt the study and life of overseas students, and even lead to a crisis. Based on a study on the results of questionnaires for undergraduate overseas students' on-campus lives in Chongqing Medical Universities,solitude,frustration and depression,the three most popular psychological problems of overseas students in medical universities are analyzed and countermeasures are put forward.

Risk factors for hepatitis C disease in Tando Allahyar, Pakistan: a case-control study.

Objective: Present study was undertaken to explore the epidemiological and dietary risk factors for hepatitis C disease in Tando Allahyar during June to December 2007. Materials and methods: 140 Hepatitis C patients and 149 controls (age, sex and locality matched with no personal or family history of hepatitis C) were randomly selected from the Tando Allahyar population during June 2007 to December 2007. A standard questionnaire specially developed for that purpose, was distributed among patients and controls. Accurate rapid card test was performed to confirm Hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive or negative patients and controls. O.R with 95% confidence interval was computed and p values were calculated by chi square test. Results: Over all findings showed that among 140 HCV patients 64% were females and 36% males (mean age range was 20-48 years). Our results showed strong positive association of sedentary life style (OR=4, 95% CI, 1.48-10.6, p=0.005), marital status, +ve family history, B+ve blood group, piercing, syringe use (70%), multiple pregnancies (OR=4.72, 95% CI, 1.47-15.15, p=0.008), blood transfusion (OR=4.4, 95% CI, 1.2-14.95, p=0.017), take out food debris by office pins (NS), shave at barber’s shop (NS), dental procedures (NS), medicines used in past (OR=3.08, 95% CI, 1.2-7.71, P=0.016), G.I.T diseases (OR =8.66, 95% CI, 1.28-55.58, p=0.023), stones of kidney or gallbladder, jaundice, Tuberculosis and psychological problems (OR =2.5, 95% CI, 1.04-6.13, P=0.04) with hepatitis C disease. We did not find any association of surgery, BMI, ENT, diseases, meat consumption and smoking with the disease. Vegetables OR =0.842, 95% CI, 0.361-1.964, P=0.694), pulses, tomatoes (OR =0.31, 95% CI, 0.041-2.53, P=0.31), and tea (OR =0.598, 95% CI, 0.251-1.431, P=0.25) were found to be the protective factors for Hepatitis C disease. Conclusion: Sedentary life style, multiple pregnancies, blood transfusion, medicines used in past, G.I.T diseases, and psychological problems are significantly positively associated with Hepatitis C disease.

Indicadores emocionais no desenho da figura humana de crianças transplantadas de órgãos / Emotional indicators in the draw-a-person test of transplanted children

O objetivo do estudo foi examinar a presença de indicadores emocionais no Desenho da Figura Humana (DFH), utilizando o sistema Koppitz, em crianças transplantadas e sem problemas de saúde, comparando-as de acordo com o sexo. Quarenta e sete crianças transplantadas e 88 sem problemas de saúde com idades entre 5 e 12 anos completaram o DFH e responderam a uma entrevista sobre o mesmo. O teste t mostrou que os meninos transplantados apresentaram mais indicadores emocionais que os meninos sem problemas de saúde. Análise de regressão logística evidenciou que o indicador integração pobre das partes e DFH na posição esquerda do papel são características típicas das crianças transplantadas. Os resultados indicam que as crianças transplantadas, especialmente os meninos, possuem maiores riscos de apresentar problemas psicológicos. Uma avaliação sistemática desses pacientes é necessária para minimizar eventuais conseqüências emocionais relacionadas à doença crônica e ao transplante de órgãos na infância.

This study aims at examining the presence of emotional indicators in the Draw-A- Person Test (DAP), employing the Koppitz Scoring System, in transplanted and healthy children comparing them according to their gender. Forty-seven transplanted and 88 healthy children aged 5-12 completed the DAP and answered an interview about it. The T-test showed that male transplanted children presented more emotional indicators than male healthy children. Logistic regression analysis (LRA) demonstrated that 'poor integration of parts' indicator and DAP in the left side of the paper are typical characteristics of transplanted children. It seems that transplanted children, especially boys, are at higher risk to present psychological problems. A systematic evaluation of those patients is necessary to minimize emotional consequences due to chronic disease and organ transplantation in childhood.

Stress reaction of inpatients injured, in the earthquake and its therapeutic interventions / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To observe the psychological stress reactions of 238 patients injured in earthquake in our hospital and explore their interventions to such reaction. Methods A total of 238 patients wounded in earthquake were recruited. Along with the active treatment of primary physical trauma, wide range of preventative psychological interventions for crisis was carried out individually or in group. The psychological emergency measures included communication and exchange of ideas, mental health education, and psychological support and a relaxing environment to the patients. All the patients were evaluated by using depression and anxiety assessment scales before and after the intervention. Results Various psychological stress responses were found in 238 patients after injury, in which sleep disorders, memory decline, tension and fear, wabble and emotional instability ranked the top 5. Some patients' psychological status recovered after one-week's hospitalization, while most recovered after two-week's hospitalization. Three patients were transferred to other professional psychiatric hospitals for professional psychological treatment and intervention because of serious psychological obstacle. Conclusion The wounded caused by earthquake manifested various psychological stress reactions. Immediate psychological intervention can effectively help the patients to recover psychologically, promote their physical rehabilitation, and prevent posttraumatic stress disorder.

Alcoholic Liver Disease Effectively Treated with Kampo-Medicine. An Application of Kumi-Binrou-to / 日本東洋医学雑誌

The case of a 48-year-old man suffering from severe alcoholic liver disease accompanied by severe ascites and leg edema, who had been effectively treated with Kampo medicine, is described. The ascites disappeared promptly, but leg edema did not diminish. Thus, “Kumi-binrou-to” and some kinds of Kampo-formula were prescribed for depression and grasping-pain of sural muscles. The edema disappeared. The patient's liver function and mental state improved. Kampo medicine is useful for the treatment of alcoholic liver disease with psychological problems.